Pressure thrust is a force equal to the media pressure times the effective cross sectional area for internally pressurized systems, or atmospheric pressure (15 psi) times the effective area for internal vacuum. Additionally, it is the determining factor in the detail design of restrained joints tie rod, gimbal, and hinge hardware must be designed to react the pressure thrust which is significant and a major cost factor. Pressure thrust influences the basic design of the system, i.e., anchored and guided or floating. In spite of the importance of pressure thrust, it is often misunderstood and difficult to explain. When the force is pressure thrust, it becomes the most important characteristic governing the application of expansion joints - metal bellows, packed slip and non-metallic types. The relationship of pressure (p), force (F), and area (A) is one of the most fundamental equations of physics:
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